Prostate cancer screening

Thank you for taking an important step in your health journey. Netcare Appointment will be in telephonic contact with you to make an appointment on your behalf at a time most convenient for you. The most common type of cancer in men is prostate cancer. Prostate cancer starts in the cells of the prostate gland. This gland is only found in males and is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. The prostate is usually about the size of a walnut but tends to get larger with age. The most common warning signs of prostate cancer include:

• Pain or burning when passing urine
• Weak, dribbling or interrupted urine flow
• Difficulty with starting to pass urine or hold back midstream
• Increased need and urgency to pass urine and especially at night
• Erectile dysfunction

It should be noted that these symptoms can also be caused by other things like an infection or inflammation of the prostate. Anyone who experiences these symptoms should consult with a doctor.

Although there are no specific screening tests for prostate cancer, the following tests are performed to alert the healthcare professional that additional tests may be required if abnormalities are detected.

Digital rectal examination (DRE)

A digital rectal examination is performed by a doctor or nurse who gently inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the lower end of the rectum to feel for anything unusual in the region of the prostate gland.

Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

The PSA is a blood test that measures the amount of PSA secreted by the prostate gland. An increased level of PSA may be an indicator of cancer of the prostate, however there are other reasons for an increased PSA level such as inflammation and infection. Therefore, a once-off raised level is not an indicator of cancer.

When to start screening for prostate cancer?

The general recommendations are that routine screening for prostate cancer should start in men that are 55 years or older, however earlier screening may be advised if you have at least one first degree relative (brother or father) who has been diagnosed with prostate cancer, or if you have at least two second degree relatives (e.g. cousin or uncle) with the disease. The risks for developing prostate cancer increase with age but risk factors also include a family history, diet, obesity, inactivity, smoking, exposure to certain chemicals and sexually transmitted diseases. Studies have shown that African males have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer when compared to other race groups.

Your doctor and medical scheme can assist to decide on the frequency of screening suitable for you. There will be no additional costs for medical scheme members.

What are the risks?

• Mild discomfort during the procedure
• The results being misinterpreted
• The need to repeat the test or other investigations
• Discomfort and embarrassment during the procedure

What happens after the procedure?

• You may resume your normal activities.
• It is up to you to get the results of your procedure from your doctor.
• Ask your healthcare provider when your results would be ready

This information is not intended to replace advice given to you by your healthcare provider. Make sure you discuss any questions you have with your healthcare provider.